This lesson reviews some of the concepts needed to understand the patent law doctrine of "nonobviousness" (Section 103 of the Patent Act). Before completing this lesson students should be familiar with the doctrine of novelty under Section 102 of the Act.
Read moreOrdinarily, when an agent acts on behalf of a principal the legal rights of the principal are affected, but the agent is not personally liable to third persons with whom he or she has dealt. This lesson looks at those somewhat unusual situations where the agent may be personally liable to third persons.
Read moreThis lesson focuses on one of the factual inquiries underlying the legal determination of nonobviousness: the scope and content of the prior art. It assumes that you are familiar with the patentability requirement of novelty under the pre-AIA version of 35 U.S.C. § 102 and with the basic framework of the obviousness analysis. If you would like a review of the basic framework for determining obviousness, you may want to do the lesson on "Basic Concepts of Nonobviousness" before you complete this lesson. After completing this lesson you should have a better understanding of how to determine the scope and content of the prior art so as to assess obviousness.
Read moreThis lesson reviews the 2022 Amendments to UCC Article 2 that explain what law to apply to a "hybrid transaction" -- a transaction that involves both the sale of goods and something else. After completing the lesson, students will be able to determine whether a transaction is a hybrid transaction, which aspects predominate, and what law to apply to each aspect.
Read moreThis exercise helps you to learn how to characterize a remedy as legal or equitable. This is a significant characterization, as many important substantive and procedural rights can turn on this characterization. This lesson is probably best studied in conjunction with a course in Equity or Remedies, though one can use the lesson for independent self study of the topic. You may want to study the CALI lessons History of Equity and Equitable Remedies - An Overview first. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to identify the characteristics of equity.
Read moreThis lesson is meant to provide you with an introduction to Connecticut primary legal materials. After you have completed this lesson, you will have a better understanding of where to find and how to use Connecticut primary law materials, including case law, statutes, and regulations.
Read moreThis lesson takes a look at the doctrine of excuse. In particular, we will look at the doctrines of impossibility, frustration of purpose and impracticability. Each of these doctrines excuses performance of the parties to the agreement. This lesson sets out the basic requisites for when courts excuse contract performance and evaluating those situations that merit excuse. The general attributes of contract formation and breach are covered in other lessons.
Read moreThis lesson focuses on basic concepts and terminology and addresses issues contained in what are called the legal capital provisions of corporate codes. You will encounter equity capitalization, par value, capital, capital surplus and earned surplus accounts in a balance sheet.
Read moreThis lesson discusses sections 16(a) and 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. It begins with a discussion of the section 16(a) reporting requirement: who must file, what they must file, and when. It then proceeds with an element-by-element discussion of liability under section 16(b) for short-swing trading profits, including a brief introduction to the complexities introduced by derivative securities. It concludes with a discussion of enforcement issues: standing, limitations, and the right to attorneys' fees.
Read moreThis lesson teaches the Capital Asset Pricing Model. It begins by discussing risk and its control by diversification, and how betas measure the risk of diversified portfolios. The lesson is designed to guide the student through the CAPM in detail as part of a Corporate Finance or Mergers & Acquisitions course. In courses that do not cover the CAPM in detail, such as Business Association courses or Securities Regulation, this lesson can be used as further study or for skimming.
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