This lesson contains problems and questions concerning the Reasonable Person standard for negligence actions. The central issue in negligence is the duty of care. For the typical adult, the standard is the Reasonable Person of Ordinary Prudence under similar circumstances.
Read moreThis lesson is a review of visitation and relocation issues. The lesson can be used to introduce or review these topics. Students should be familiar with basic principles of custody determinations.
Read moreThis exercise provides an overview of the concept of causation. Factual cause is distinguished from legal cause, and causation in general from mens rea and attempt. Specific issues covered include simultaneous causes, different victim, different manner, and different injury.
Read moreOne of the difficult common law issues in defamation was the distinction between libel and slander. This lesson explains the differences between the two types of defamatory statements. Material is provided on the damage requirements of both. This lesson is part of a series about defamation. One should review the lesson on Basic Issues in Defamation and Privileges before working with this exercise. After finishing this one, the exercise on Constitutional Issues in Defamation should be covered.
Read moreThis lesson offers an introduction to the doctrine of functionality, which operates as a defense prohibiting anyone from claiming an exclusive right in functional shapes, elements, or aspects of a product or product packaging. The protectability or registrability of a trademark depends on a factual determination of a design's functionality. The functionality doctrine attempts to weigh the public and private interest in copying design features against a trademark owner's inherently anticompetitive objective to avoid consumer confusion.
Read moreThis lesson examines the scope of one of the exclusive rights belonging to a copyright owner -- the right to create derivative works based on the copyrighted work, under 17 U.S.C. § 106(2).
Read moreThis lesson will cover the exemptions provided in Section 135 of the Tax Code, specifically the exclusion of interest on certain United States Savings Bonds used to pay higher education tuition and fees.
Read moreThis lesson will cover the regulations and tests that determine the types of moving costs that can be deducted under IRS Code section 217.
Read moreThis lesson is best used after studying deductions for medical expenses under Code section 213 to basic Federal income taxation in class. The lesson allows you to work through problems so that you can refine your ability to apply the Code and Regs. to a variety of situations.
Read moreThis lesson is best used after studying Federal Income Taxation: Taxable Income and Tax Computation, in class. The lesson includes problem sets to work through, allowing you to apply the Code and Regs. to a variety of situations involving personal and dependency exemptions, under Internal Revenue Code sections 151 and 152. For the taxable years 2018 through 2025, Code § 151(d)(5) has reduced all personal and dependency exemptions to zero. Therefore, until 2026, the following lesson is for historical information and does not reflect current law's disallowance of personal and dependency exemptions. Other Code sections do, however, still rely on the definition of dependent found in § 152 - for example, § 32 (earned income tax credit) and § 213 (deduction for medical expenses).
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