Lessons by Subject Outline - Negotiable Instruments and other Payment Systems

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• The Negotiable Instruments / Payment Systems Index lists all CALI lessons covering Negotiable Instruments and Payment Systems.

Subject Outline

• 1. Payment Systems
  • 1.1 Introduction
    • Payment Systems: Introduction (NP16P)
  • 1.2 The Roles of State, Federal, and International Law
• 2. Negotiable Instruments
  • 2.1 Introduction
    • Payment Systems: Negotiable Instruments Vocabulary Podcast (NP23P)
  • 2.2 Applicable Law: UCC Article 3 and the Rules of Common Law Contracts
  • 2.3 Contract Formation
    • 2.3.1 See:  CALI lessons on Contract Formation
      • ​ Offer (CON39)
      • Acceptance (CON61)
      • Consideration: The Basics of Consideration and the Bargain Theory (CON67)
  • 2.4 Contract Defenses
    • Defenses (CON12)
    • Duress and Undue Influence (CON16)
    • Fraud and Misrepresentation (CON19)
    • Illegal Promises (CON14)
    • Lack of Capacity (CON15)
    • Misunderstanding and Mistake (CON18)
    • Statute of Frauds (CON11)
    • Unjust Terms (Unconscionability) (CON17)
    • Void, Voidable and Unenforceable Contracts (CON13)
  • 2.5 Coverage of UCC Article 3
    • Negotiable Instruments: What is a Negotiable Instrument (NP04)
  • 2.6 Types of Negotiable Instruments
  • 2.7 Uses of Negotiable Instruments
    • The Cast of Characters of a Negotiable Instrument (NP10)
    • Mortgage Notes (RE04)
  • 2.8 Issuance
  • 2.9 Indorsement
    ​ Payment Systems: Indorsements Podcast (NP18P)
    • ​2.9.1 Types of Indorsements
      • Payment Systems: Imposters and Fictious Payees Podcast (NP20P)
    • 2.9.2 Obligations Created by Indorsements
      • Payment Systems: Indorsement Liability and Transfer and Presentment Warranties Podcast (NP17P)
      • Payment System: Effect of the Instrument on the Underlying Obligation Podcast (NP24P)
    • 2.9.3 Suspension and Discharge of Indorsement Obligations
    • 2.9.4 Rights Created by Indorsements
      • Payment Systems: Employer Responsibility Podcast (NP21P)
    • 2.9.5 Forged Indorsements
      • Payment Systems: Fraudulent Signatures, Alterations and Negligence Podcast (NP22P)
    • 2.10 Transfer and Negotiation of a Negotiable Instrument
      • The Travel of a Negotiable Instrument (NP12)
  • 2.11 Holder of a Negotiable Instrument
    • Payment Systems: Holders Pocast (NP19P)
  • 2.12 Holder in Due Course of a Negotiable Instrument
    • Negotiation and Becoming a Holder in Due Course (NP02)
    • Negotiable Instruments: Who is a Holder in Due Course? (NP07)
    • Payment Systems: Who is a Holder in Due Course Podcast (NP27P)
  • 2.13 Enforcement of a Negotiable Instrument
    • 2.13.1 Who Can Enforce a Negotiable Instrument?
      • Payment Systems: Who can Enforce a Negotiable instrument? Podcast (NP30P)
    • 2.13.2 Against Whom Can a Negotiable Instrument be Enforced?
      2.13.3 Defenses to Enforcement of a Negotiable Instrument
      • 2.13.3.1 Common Law Contract Defenses
      • 2.13.3.2 Suspension and Discharge of Obligations
        • Negotiable Instruments that have been Destroyed, Lost or Stolen (NP11)
      • 2.13.3.3 Payment of Obligation
  • 2.14 Holder in Due Course Immunity to Certain Defenses
    • Negotiable Instruments: Who is a Holder in Due Course? (NP07)
    • Negotiable Instruments: The Benefits of Being a Holder in Due Course (NP09)
    • Payment Systems: Being a Holder in Due Course: Personal Defenses Podcast (NP28P)
    • Payment Systems: Being a Holder in Due Course: Real Defenses Podcast (NP29P)
  • 2.15 Liability
    • Negotiable Instruments: Liabilities of the Parties (NP01)
    • Payment Systems: Who Can Bring a Claim on a Negotiable Instrument Podcast (NP15P)
    • Payment Systems: Liability of the Parties on a Negotiable Instrument Podcast (NP31P)
    • Payment Systems: Fraudulent Signatures, Alterations and Negligence Podcast (NP22P)
    • Payment Systems: Fiduciary Duty and Liability of Representatives Podcast (NP25P)
    • Payment Systems: Instruments Signed for Accommodation Podcast (NP26P)
    • Payment Systems: Indorsement Liability and Transfer and Presentment Warranties Podcast (NP17P)
• 3. Check Collection
  • 3.1 What is a Check?
  • 3.2 Types of Checks
  • 3.3 Is the Check a Negotiable Instrument?
    • Negotiable Instruments: What is a Negotiable Instrument (NP04)
  • 3.4 Check Collection under UCC Article 4 and Federal Law
    • 3.4.1 Properly Payable
    • 3.4.2 Presentment
    • 3.4.3 Payment
    • 3.4.4 Dishonor
    • 3.4.5 Return
    • 3.4.6 Stop Payment Orders
  • 3.5 Bank Obligations
  • 3.6 Funds Available
  • 3.7 Bank Rights
  • 3.8 Non-Bank Rights
  • 3.9 Bank Customer Rights and Obligations
  • 3.10 Secondary Obligors
    • 3.10.1 Warrantors
    • 3.10.2 Guarantors
• 4. Electronic Payments
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Credit Cards
    • Credit Card Basics (NP06)
    • Payment Systems: Credit Cards Podcast (NP06P)
  • 4.3 Debit Cards
    • Debit Card Basics (NP03)
    • Payment Systems: Debit Cards Podcast (NP03P)
  • 4.4 Wire Transfers under UCC Article 4A
  • 4.5 Allocation of Risks
• 5. Letters of Credit
  • 5.1 An Introduction
  • 5.2 Applicable Law
    • 5.2.1 Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credits
    • 5.2.2 Uniform Commercial Code Article 5
    • 5.2.3 Rules of Common Law Contracts
      • 5.2.3.1 Contract Formation under the Common Law
        • See:  CALI lessons on Contract Formation
      • 5.2.3.2 Contract Defenses under the Common Law
        • Void, Voidable and Unenforceable Contracts (CON13)
  • 5.3 Obligations Created by a Letter of Credit
    • 5.3.1 Letters of Credit: Exploring the Documents (NP13)
  • 5.4 Enforcement of a Letters of Credit
    • 5.4.1 Letters of Credit Disputes (NP14)
  • 5.5 Standby Letters of Credit
    • 5.5.1 When can it be enforced?
    • 5.5.2 Who can enforce it?
    • 5.5.3 Against whom can it be enforced?
    • 5.5.4 What can be recovered?
• 6. Documents of Title
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Uses of a Document of Title
  • 6.3 Applicable Law
    • 6.3.1 The Federal Bills of Lading Act
    • 6.3.2 Uniform Commercial Code Article 7
      • 6.3.2.1 Coverage of UCC Article 7
    • 6.3.3 International Law Affecting Bills of Lading
  • 6.4 Uses of Bills of Lading
  • 6.5 Is the Bill of Lading Negotiable?
    • 6.5.1 Nonnegotiable Bills of Lading
      • 6.5.1.1 Rights and Obligations of the Parties
      • 6.5.1.2 Rights and Obligations of Non-Parties
    • 6.5.2 Negotiable Bills of Lading
      • 6.5.2.1 Rights and Obligations of the Parties
      • 6.5.2.2 Rights and Obligations of Non-Parties